Legal
Risk Summary
Summary of the principal risks. It is not exhaustive; the definitive offering documents contain the complete risk factors.
General
- An investment in FM-RWA units is speculative and illiquid and is suitable only for professional investors who can bear the loss of their entire investment.
- Target returns, distributions and exit values are not guaranteed. Projections reflect the sponsor's base case and may not be achieved.
Land, title and regulation
- Bolivian law sets land-holding limits, border-zone restrictions and productive-use (FES) requirements; the holding structure is designed to comply, but changes in law or interpretation may affect it.
- Title defects, overlapping claims or permit refusals may delay or prevent development of an estate.
- Changes in agricultural, export, tax or foreign-investment policy may reduce value.
Operating and market
- Drought, fire, disease, yield shortfalls and input-cost inflation can reduce cash flows; crop insurance availability is limited.
- Commodity prices and exchange rates (BOB, USD, EUR) affect results and valuations.
- Returns are sensitive to the exit valuation; the market for large estates can be thin and an exit may take time or require a discount.
- Later programme funding may not be raised as planned, which could slow development.
Country and repatriation
- Political, regulatory and expropriation risk in Bolivia.
- Capital controls or banking restrictions may delay or prevent repatriation of proceeds; investment-treaty protection may be limited.
Environmental and ESG
- The region is subject to deforestation scrutiny; EU Deforestation Regulation compliance affects EU market access and valuation.
- Climate change may increase the frequency of droughts and fires.
Token, technology and custody
- Smart contracts may contain defects despite independent review and testing.
- Loss or compromise of a wallet key requires a registrar recovery procedure, which may cause delays.
- Blockchain networks can be congested or unavailable; stablecoins can lose their peg or be frozen by their issuer.
- Transfers are restricted by on-chain compliance rules and lock-ups; units may be frozen or force-transferred where legally required. There may be no secondary market.
- The regulatory treatment of tokenized securities may change.
Tax
- Tax treatment depends on each investor's individual circumstances and may change. Investors should obtain independent tax advice.